Coenzyme depletion by members of the aerolysin family of pore-forming toxins leads to diminished ATP levels and cell death

The Aerolysin-Like Toxin Family of Cytolytic, Pore-Forming Toxins

Pore-forming toxins (PFTs) represent the largest known group of bacterial protein toxins to date. Membrane insertion and subsequent pore-formation occurs after initial binding to cell-surface receptor and oligomerization. Aerolysin, a toxin produced by the Gram-negative bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila and related species, belongs to the PFT group and shares a common mechanism of action involving...

A rivet model for channel formation by aerolysin-like pore-forming toxins.

The bacterial toxin aerolysin kills cells by forming heptameric channels, of unknown structure, in the plasma membrane. Using disulfide trapping and cysteine scanning mutagenesis coupled to thiol-specific labeling on lipid bilayers, we identify a loop that lines the channel. This loop has an alternating pattern of charged and uncharged residues, suggesting that the transmembrane region has a be...

The MACPF/CDC family of pore-forming toxins

Pore-forming toxins (PFTs) are commonly associated with bacterial pathogenesis. In eukaryotes, however, PFTs operate in the immune system or are deployed for attacking prey (e.g. venoms). This review focuses upon two families of globular protein PFTs: the cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs) and the membrane attack complex/perforin superfamily (MACPF). CDCs are produced by Gram-positive bact...

Cholesterol-dependent cytolysins, a family of versatile pore-forming toxins.

: the effect of sericin levels (silk glue protein) on rate of in vitro maturation, fertilization and culture of sheep oocytes

هدف از آزمایش اول بررسی اثر سطوح مختلف سریسین [0 (control), 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5 %] افزوده شده به محیط , ivm بر cumulus cell expansion، بلوغ هسته و توسعه متوالی جنین، در گوسفندان نژاد سنجابی در فصل تولید مثلی می باشد. از سرگیری میوز به وسیله خارج شدن اولین پولار بادی اندازه گیری و هم چنین درصد رسیدن جنین های دو سلولی به مرحله کلیواژ و بلاستوسیت نیز به عنوان نشانه ای از میزان شایستگی توسعه اولیه ج...